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key dates in the history of the liberation movement, as it celebrates its centennial

1902 aa of the Second Boer War ends

1910 Union of South Africa form, hand over power to the Afrikaners, to the detriment of the black majority.

1912 a meeting of leaders, clerics and lawyers Waaihoek Methodist Church in Bloemfontein on January 8 announced the birth of the native South African National Congress. John Langalibalele Dube was the first president.

1913 Native Land Act actually gives 80% of the land to whites, who comprise less than 20% of the population. Help to cheap labor for mines owned insurance whites.

1914 national party founded by nationalist Afrikaners in Bloemfontein.

1918 Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Mvezo in the Transkei, on July 18.

1923 The SANNC was renamed the African National Congress (ANC).

1944 ANC Youth League founded with industry leaders like Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo.

1948 elected National Party and apartheid set up a system of legal racial segregation. Described by Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd as a "good neighbor policy."

1952 ANC has launched a challenge. Mandela was arrested.

1955 Freedom Charter adopted at the Congress of the People in Kliptown. It states that "South Africa belongs to all who live there, black and white, and no government can justly claim authority unless it is based on the will of the people ... The people govern! "

1956 Mandela was arrested and joined another 155 in the treason trial. The trial lasted four years.

1959 Africanists who oppose the growth of the ANC, cooperation with the whites and Indians break to form the Pan Africanist Congress (CAP).

1960 police opened fire on an unarmed crowd at a demonstration against the laws of CAP Sharpeville, killing 69. A state of emergency and the ANC and PAC were banned. The ANC president Chief Albert Luthuli, becomes the first African to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Mandela was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison for incitement and illegally leaving the country.

1963

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